A detailed integrated desk-based assessment and targeted exploratory excavation report for the Ruperra–Machen Roman landscape in south-east Wales.

This document presents the results of ten carefully targeted exploratory trenches investigating structural, hydrological, and transport-related features within the wider Roman complex. The report combines excavation evidence, field photography, measured trench records, LiDAR alignment, and wider spatial analysis to assess the relationship between roadways, drainage systems, perimeter walls, access points, and a substantial heated bathhouse structure.

Key findings include engineered road crossings, ceramic drainage pipes, a probable hypocaust heating system, hearth deposits, masonry foundations, perimeter wall alignments, metalled trackways, and controlled gateway zones. The evidence demonstrates a coherent and highly organised archaeological landscape with integrated transport, water management, and structural engineering consistent with Roman-period planning principles.

The report forms part of a wider community-led heritage research initiative documenting previously unrecorded archaeological remains across the Ruperra–Machen landscape and provides an important evidence base for future excavation, survey, and heritage interpretation.