In 1835 the Swansea Philosophical and Literary Society was formed by a group of local businessmen, industrialists and scientists, with the purpose of promoting interest in Literature, the Arts, Science and Local History. In 1838, it was granted a Royal Charter and its name was changed to The Royal Institution of South Wales.

The Royal Institution commisioned the building of Swansea Museum as a showcase for its collections. The museum included a library, laboratory and lecture theatre. The early public lectures focused on scientific subjects, whilst the museum catered for a broader audience.